Keeping axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) can be a rewarding experience as they are fascinating amphibians with unique characteristics. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you set up and maintain a healthy environment for your axolotls:
1. Setting Up the Tank
Tank Size
- Minimum Size: A 20-gallon tank is suitable for one axolotl. For each additional axolotl, add at least 10 gallons.
- Tank Shape: A long, low tank is preferred over a tall one because axolotls spend most of their time at the bottom.
Substrate
- Sand or Bare Bottom: Fine sand is recommended. Avoid gravel, as axolotls can ingest it, leading to impaction. A bare bottom tank is also an option for easier cleaning.
Water Quality
- Dechlorinated Water: Use a water conditioner to remove chlorine and chloramine from tap water.
- Cycling the Tank: Ensure the tank is fully cycled before introducing axolotls. This involves establishing beneficial bacteria that break down ammonia and nitrite into less harmful nitrate.
Filtration
- Gentle Filtration: Use a filter that provides gentle water flow. Axolotls prefer calm water.
- Maintenance: Clean the filter regularly but avoid disrupting the beneficial bacteria.
Temperature
- Cool Water: Maintain a temperature between 60-68°F (16-20°C). Avoid temperatures above 72°F (22°C) as axolotls can become stressed and prone to illness.
- Cooling Methods: Use an aquarium fan, chiller, or place frozen water bottles in the tank during hot weather.
Lighting
- Low Light: Axolotls do not require special lighting and prefer dim environments. Avoid strong lighting which can stress them.
Decorations
- Hiding Spots: Provide plenty of hiding places using caves, PVC pipes, or aquarium decorations.
- Plants: Live or silk plants can offer additional cover and enrichment.
2. Feeding
Diet
- Staple Foods: Earthworms, bloodworms, and axolotl pellets.
- Occasional Treats: Small pieces of fish, shrimp, or other high-protein foods.
Feeding Frequency
- Juveniles: Feed daily.
- Adults: Feed 2-3 times per week.
Feeding Method
- Hand Feeding: Use feeding tongs to offer food directly.
- Spot Feeding: Place food in a specific area of the tank.
3. Maintenance
Water Changes
- Frequency: Perform 20-30% water changes weekly.
- Method: Use a gravel vacuum to remove debris from the substrate.
Monitoring Water Quality
- Test Kits: Regularly test for ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, and pH.
- Ideal Levels: Ammonia and nitrite should be 0 ppm, nitrate below 20 ppm, and pH between 6.5-8.0.
Health Checks
- Observation: Watch for signs of stress or illness, such as changes in appetite, skin lesions, or abnormal behavior.
- Quarantine New Arrivals: Isolate new axolotls for at least 30 days before introducing them to the main tank to prevent disease transmission.
4. Handling and Interaction
Minimal Handling
- Stress: Avoid handling axolotls unless necessary as it can stress them.
- Gentle Handling: If you need to move them, use a soft, wet net or your hands (wet them first) to support their body.
5. Breeding
Conditions
- Maturity: Axolotls reach sexual maturity around 18 months.
- Temperature: A slight temperature drop can induce breeding behavior.
- Separation: Separate the eggs from adults to prevent them from being eaten.
By following these guidelines, you can create a suitable environment for your axolotls, ensuring they remain healthy and happy. Enjoy the unique experience of keeping these fascinating creatures!